Lecture 8
prokaryotic genomes
- large chromosome
- smaller plasmids
eukaryotics genomes
- pairs of chromosomes in nucleus
- circular chromosome in mitochondria
- circular chromosome in chloroplasts
homologous chromosomes
- "matching" pairs of chromosomes
- contain the same genes at the same position
- one chromosome from the mother
- one chromosome from the father
alleles different versions of the same gene
diploid cells
- 2 of each chromosome
- 1 chromosome from each parent
diploid cell example
- somatic cells
somatic cells include all cells EXCEPT gametes
haploid
- cells have 1 of each chromosome
haploid cell example
- gametes
chromosomes
- a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein
- found in the nucleus of most living cells
- carries genetic information in the form of genes.
sister chromatids
- identical copies (chromatids)
- formed by the DNA replication of a chromosome
- both copies joined together by a common centromere
chromatin
- make up chromosomes
- consists of protein, RNA, and DNA
cell cycle
- interphase
- mitotic phase
interphase
- G1 Phase
- S Phase
- G2 Phase
mitotic phase
- prophase
- prometaphase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
- cytokinesis
G1 Phase
- first gap
- lttle change is visible
- the cell is accumulating
- building blocks of chromosomal DNA
- associated proteins
- energy reserves
S Phase
- formation of sister chromatids
- each chromosome is made of two sister chromatids and is a duplicated chromosome
- the centrosome is duplicated
- the two centrosomes will give rise to the mitotic spindle